The Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201RESPONSE OF LACTATING BUFFALOES TO FIBROLYTIC ENZYMES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MILK AND CHEESE PROPERTIES3853977493810.21608/ejnf.2016.74938ENA. M.KholifDairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Jihan M.KasemDairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Hala M.BayoumiDairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.A. H.ZaghloolDairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200302The task of this research is assessing the action of two different fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on milk yield and cheese properties by lactating buffaloes. Three sets had been worked on, everyone had three animals of lactating buffaloes after 3 months of parturition, with 30 days interval. The first one was fed on 50% concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 30% corn silage, 20% rice straw served as control (C). The second and third sets were fed on the same control ration supplemented with Asperozym or Tomoko<sup>® </sup>at 2 g kg<sup>-1</sup> DM served as (T<sub>1 </sub>andT<sub>2</sub>). These three different types of lactating milk had been used to manufacture of white soft cheese (WSC). Both of milk and WSC samples were analyzed for some chemical parameters (milk & cheese yield, pH, total solids, total protein, ash contents, free fatty acids and amino acids profile). Furthermore, sensory evaluation of WSC samples had been taken in consideration. Data revealed that supplementation with Asperozym or Tomoko<sup>®</sup> enzymes had significantly (P<0.05) increased 4% fat-corrected milk and cheese yield. On the other hand, WSC samples with both of fibrolytic enzymes were significantly (P< 0.05) rose in short and long chain fatty acids, while Asperozym cheese samples only were lower in medium chain fatty acids compared to control. Regarding to other chemical composition parameters (TN, TN/SN, TVFAs, tyrosine, tryptophan and pH values) of resulted cheese during storage period, all these parameters were significantly (P<0.05) boosted after 15 days of storage. For amino acids profile, Asrozym and Tomoko were lowered (P<0.05) histidine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, glycine, alanine and proline but Tomoko enzyme raised (P<0.05) valine, methionine, phenylalanine and serine. Supplementation of fibrolytic enzymes did not manipulate (P>0.05) sensory evaluation of WSC samples. Supplementation of fibrolytic enzymes on buffalo's diet did not significantly affect lactation performance except 4% fat corrected milk, fatty acids and amino acids profile in WSC. Therefore, further study must be conducted on the impact of fibrolytic enzymes on different lactating animals.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74938_c92a6e02230b3eaab86a9952ae292204.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION DIETARY DRY FAT ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE ON EGYPTIAN LACTATING BUFFALOES3994137494610.21608/ejnf.2016.74946ENKh. I.I.ZeedanDepartment of Animal Nutrition Res. Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.M. A.Abdel-LatifDepartment of Buffalo Res. Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.E. A.El-BltagyBy-product utilization Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.S. I. WeldAbd-ElkaderDepartment of Animal Nutrition Res. Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.A. A.El-GiziryDepartment of Animal Nutrition Res. Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.A. H.GhoniemDepartment of Animal Nutrition Res. Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200302The present work was conducted to study the effect of using two levels of dry fat (DF 3 and 5%) supplementation during pre-partum (three months before parturition) and after parturition period (six months after postpartum for Egyptian lactating buffalo-cows on nutritive values, nutrients digestibility, ruminal characteristics, milk yield and its composition, birth weight of their offspring, some reproductive parameters, some blood parameters and economic efficiency. Fifteen buffalo-cows (2-4 lactation seasons) in late pregnancy period were choosed to carry out this experiment. Animals were divided into three equal groups (5 buffaloes in each) and individually fed according to Kearl (1982). Concentrate feed mixture (CFM), berseem hay (BH) and rice straw (RS) were given to animals as a control ration without supplementation (C), while the other two groups received the control ration supplemented with DFat the levels of 3 and 5% dry protected fat as calcium salt of fatty acids (based on DM intake), respectively. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Supplementing buffalo cows ration DF improved the digestibility of all nutrients (pre and post-partum) and nutritive value which recording: 55.91, 61.37 and 66.87%, TDN at 50 days and 58.40, 64.10 and 70.71%, TDN at 180 days for C, DF<sub>3</sub> and DF<sub>5</sub>, respectively; the respective values of DCP was 7.16, 7.47 and 8.04% for the pre-partum period and 7.32, 7.72 and 8.39% for the post-partum period), respectively. Dry fat treatment led to increases in both birth, weaning weights and total gain of calves, and the highest best weights were occurred with DF<sub>5</sub>. Actual milk yield was increased as 8.50, 9.30 and 10.50 kg/day for C, DF<sub>3</sub> and DF<sub>5</sub>, respectively and 7% - FCM yield on the same order were 7.92, 9.81 and 12.44 kg/day, with significant differences only due to the addition of DF<sub>3</sub> and DF<sub>5 </sub>compared with C. Dry fat improved the blood contents of, total protein, globulin, and glucose and increased in total lipids, cholesterol and HDL. The periods required for fetal membrane expulsion was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in DF<sub>3</sub>(9.20 h) and DF<sub>5</sub>(7.15 h) groups when compared to the C group (10.12 h).Moreover, only C group showed a case of abortion and stillbirth, while treated buffalo - cows of DF delivered 100% healthy calves. Better feed and economic efficiencies were observed with animals fed supplemented DF<sub>5</sub>. Generally, from the obtained results could be concluded that the supplementation of DF at DF<sub>3</sub> and DF<sub>5</sub> levels for ration of Egyptian lactating buffalo cows had positive effects on nutritive value, digestibility calves birth weight and milk yield and composition, beside better feed efficiency and reproductive performance as well as improved economic efficiency. The best and the highest results were obtained with the addition of DF<sub>5</sub>.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74946_a844b90836772751fd680636dc06ef74.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECT OF DIETARY NIACIN AND/OR THIAMIN SUPPLEMENTATIONS ON GROWTH AND FATTENING PERFORMANCE OF BUFFALO CALVES.4154257497510.21608/ejnf.2016.74975ENEbtehag, I. M.Abou-EleninAnimal Production Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.A. A.AbdouAnimal Production Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.W. A.RiadAnimal Production Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.M. R. M.MostafaAnimal Production Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200302This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding supplemented diets by ether niacin, thiamin or its mixture on the growth and fattening performance of buffalo calves. A feeding trial was carried out using twenty growing buffalo calves with average initial weight 275±2.6 Kg and aged 14 months. They were divided into four similar groups (5 calves each) in 120- day feeding trial periods using the randomized complete block design. All animals' groups were fed individually along the experimental period on a basal ration (BR) that consisted of 69.5% concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 17.4% rice straw (RS) and 13.1% corn silage (CS) on DM basis. A certain amounts of dietary niacin and/or thiamin were mixed thoroughly with CFM as in the following treatments. Animals were given BR without supplements (T<sub>1</sub>) as control, BR supplemented with 0.5 g niacin/head/day (T<sub>2</sub>), BR plus 0.5 g thiamin/h/d (T<sub>3</sub>) and BR supplemented with 0.25 g niacin and 0.25 g thiamin/h/d (T<sub>4</sub>). Animals were fed according to allowances of kearl (1982) for buffalo calves. Four digestibility trials were conducted to determine the digestibility and feeding values of the experimental rations. Results indicated that digestibility of DM and OM were insignificantly increased with T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>3</sub> rations, but significantly (p<0.05) increased with T<sub>4</sub> one, compared with control (T<sub>1</sub>). Digestibility of CF, EE and NFE followed the same trend of DM among treatments. Otherwise, CP digestibility was slightly improved with all tested rations. The values of TDN, DCP and DE were followed similar trends to that of nutrients digestibility among treatments. Daily feed intake wasn't affected significantly by the two supplements. Total weight gain and daily gain were significantly (p<0.05) higher in all tested rations in comparison of control one, while the highest value had occurred with T<sub>4</sub>. Regarding feed conversion measurement, significant improvement due to both supplements and its mixture were found respecting DM,TDN or DCP: gain, compared with unsupplemented diet (control). Concerning economic evaluation, net revenue and economical efficiency were markedly increased with supplemented rations compared with control one. No significant differences were found among treatments in blood total protein and creatinine. It could be concluded that either niacin or thiamin and its mixture had an effectiveness role for improving the performance of fattening buffalo calves when the concentrate feed mixture was high percentage in their rations.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74975_3ba40b6d44818b9647d751a936bd7432.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201IN VITRO FERTILIZATION OF VITRIFIED IMMATURE OR MATURE OOCYTES AS AFFECTED BY MECHANICAL OR NATURAL DENUDATION4274387497610.21608/ejnf.2016.74976ENSh. A.GabrAnimal Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Tanta Univ., Egypt.A. A.GabrAnimal Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Tanta Univ., Egypt.Amira M.NowierBiotechnology Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.Journal Article20200302The current study aimed to evaluate the role of cumulus-corona radiate complex of immature or <em>in vitro</em> matured bovine oocytes on their vitrification, <em>in vitro</em> fertilization and embryo development. Bovine ovaries were collected from an abattoir and follicular oocytes (3-8 mm in diameter) were aspirated. Oocytes were examined and classified into cumulus oocytes–complexes (COCs), natural denuded oocytes (NDOs) and mechanically denuded oocytes (MDOs). Natural COCs were mechanically denuded by repeated pipetting in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). All types of oocytes were cryopreserved by vitrification as immature or <em>in vitro</em> matured for 24 h prior to vitrification by open-pulled straw cryodevice. After at least 2 weeks of vitrification, all types of vitrified oocytes were evaluated for survival and viability (Normal and abnormal oocytes). Morphologically normal immature oocytes were matured and fertilized <em>in vitro, </em>while morphologically normal mature oocytes were directly fertilized <em>in vitro </em>for determination of cleavage rate (CR)<em>. </em>After co-culture of cleaved oocytes for 7 days, rate of morula (MPR) and/or blastocysts (BPR) production was recorded. Results show that survival (SR) and normality (NR) rates were the highest for CCOs (84.47 and 81.73%), followed by MDOs (73.28 and 62.0%), and the lowest for NDOs (60.71 and 54.39%), respectively (P<0.05). SR was higher (P<0.05) for mature than immature oocytes (78.03 vs. 67.60%), while NR was nearly similar for both. CR, MPR and BPR were higher (P<0.05) for CCOs (45.28, 18.05 and 15.28%) than those of MDOs (29.72, 6.06 and 3.03%) and NDOs (25.24, 7.69 and 7.69%), respectively. CR was higher (P<0.05) in mature than in immature oocytes (41.93 vs. 29.36%), while MPR and BPR were nearly similar in both. Based on the obtained results, cumulus cell surrounding cumulus oocytes–complexes play a vital role for survival of bovine oocytes during vitrification and successful <em>in vitro</em> maturation and fertilization as well as embryonic development to morula and blastocyst stages.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74976_3e1a7082f7edff4f8f9d9329b22bbe07.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF FARAFRA AND SAIDI SHEEP AS AFFECTED BY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PROBIOTIC WITH NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS4394507498310.21608/ejnf.2016.74983ENA. A.K.SalehSheep and Goats Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.A. A.A.I.GomaaSheep and Goats Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200302A total of 88 ewes were used in this study in two trails (44 per each trail) to investigate the effects of supplementation of probiotic abbreviated as (Effective Microorganisms with Medicinal Herbs-EMMH) on physiological responses during thermonuteral and heat stress conditions and milk yield of two local breeds (Farafra and Saidi). The studied probiotic consisted of mixed culture of two strains of fungi (<em>Trichoderma reesei</em> and <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em>) with dry live baker's yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cervisiae</em>) and the mixed culture was enriched with natural antioxidants of herbal medicine plants. In the first trail, 22 Farafra and 22 Saidi ewes were used during summer, along mating and pregnancy seasons until parturition. In the second trail, 22 Farafra and 22 Saidi ewes in late pregnancy were used. Ewes of every breed were divided homogonously into two equal groups (11 ewes per each). Group (I) fed basal diet (concentrate feed mixture + rice straw). Group (II) fed basal diet + 3 kg EMMH/ton. Reproductive traits were estrus duration, conception rate (%) and gestational period, number of lambs born, number of twins and birth weight was recorded. Thermal responses, gas exchange parameters and heat production measurement were determined during thermoneutral (comfort) conditions and during heat stress condition (after exposing animals to direct sun for 2 hours). Also, climatological data were recorded periodically. Daily and total milk yield were measured along the lactation season using lambs sucking technique. Body weight gain of suckling lambs, weaning weight and survival rate were recorded. Also, values of heamatocrit % (Ht), total protein (TP) sodium (Na), Potassium (K) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in ewes. In thermonuteral conditions, EMMH supplemented group had significantly (P< 0.05) lower rectal temperature than control group in Farafra ewes. Whereas, in heat stress conditions, rectal and skin temperature significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in EMMH supplemented group in both breeds. Respiration rate was significantly (P< 0.05) lower in supplemented group than control in Farafra ewes only. Tidal volume was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in EMMH group. While, metabolic rate and heat production values were significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in EMMH supplemented group. Average body weight and body weight change of ewes significantly (P <0.05) improved by EMMH supplementation. Conception rate was improved in EMMH group compared to control in both breeds (90.9% vs. 72.7% in Farafra ewes) and (81.8 vs. 72.7% in Saidi ewes). Furthermore, average litter size per ewe, number of lambs born per group, number of twins born per group were improved by EMMH supplementation. Total milk yield, average daily milk yield per ewe, weaning weight and total gain of lambs were significantly (P<0.05) improved by EMMH supplementation in both breeds. Also, survival rate was improved in EMMH group in both breeds. Values of total protein concentration (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was significantly (P <0.05) higher in EMMH supplemented group in both Farafra and Saidi. From the present results, it can be concluded that supplementation of EMMH probiotic had a favorable effect in improving physiological responses of animals during heat stress and can ameliorate the adverse effects of heat stress. Also, it led to improve lactational performance of ewes and the performance of their suckling lambs.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74983_d8e7bab9b2c7e5fd99d386bee24fe4b0.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201A COMPARISON BETWEEN FRESH RYEGRASS AND RYEGRASS SILAGE WITH RESPECT TO THEIR NUTRITIVE VALUE FOR SHEEP4514607498110.21608/ejnf.2016.74981ENH. A.Abo-EidSustainable Development Dept., Environmental Studies and Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.A. A.AbedoAnimal Production Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.N. E.El-BordenyAnimal Production Dept., Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.H. M.El-SayedAnimal Production Dept., Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.H. M.KandilAnimal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200302The objective of this study was to compare between fresh ryegrass and ryegrass silage in the ability of sheep to consume the material, retained its nitrogen in their body with a special reference of some inorganic elements. A digestibility and nitrogen and minerals balance trials were conducted to compare between fresh ryegrass and ryegrass silage. Twelve mature cross breed rams aged 4 years old and weighted around 42 kg in average were assigned randomly into two experimental groups, 6 animals each and fed the fresh ryegrass (grass group) and its ryegrass silage (silage group) as a sole source of feedstuffs in the rations. Results indicated that dry matter (DM) intake and digestion were reduced by feeding silage (P<0.05), whereas dry matter digestibility in the fresh ryegrass group was equivalent to that in the ryegrass silage (P>0.05). Lead intake and retention was higher in fresh grass group than silage group (P<0.05). Values of nitrogen intake and retention were insignificant (P>0.05) higher in grass group than silage group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between grass group and silage group for sodium, magnesium, manganese, iron, cobalt, cupper. Whereas, values of potassium, calcium and zinc (intake and retention) were (P<0.05) higher in grass group than silage group. It could be concluded that fresh ryegrass was the better when compared with ryegrass silage but preserving ryegrass as silage to be used in the rations of ruminant is favorite during fodder scarcity season.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74981_2cc1d2b749a5872b7dc2172ee7beb954.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECT OF FEEDING GUAVA WASTE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, DIET DIGESTIBILITY, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCTION PROFITABILITY OF OSSIMI LAMBS4614727498510.21608/ejnf.2016.74985ENTamer M.M.HassanDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.Fathy A.I.Abdel-FattahDepartment of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.Ayman S.FaridDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.Eman R.KamelDepartment of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.Journal Article20200302The present study was designed to investigate the effect of including dried guava waste (GW) in diets of Ossimi lambs on growth performance, apparent diet digestibility, carcass characteristics and economic efficiency. Eighteen Ossimi male lambs (average body weight of 28.4±1.7kg) were divided randomly into three experimental groups (6 lambs each). Control group was fed diet based on corn and soybean meal, GW was added as a feed ingredient in the diet at levels of 10% and 20% and fed to other groups (D1 and D2), respectively for 12 weeks. Animals were housed individually in clean and hygienic pens. Body weight was measured weekly and feed consumption was recorded daily. Digestibility trial was conducted and digestion coefficient was calculated for diet dry matter (DM) and nutrients. At the end of study, three animals from each group were slaughtered and carcass traits were evaluated. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for analysis and serum biochemistry. Economic feasibility was evaluated for using GW in the diet. Results showed that there were no significant differences between groups in growth performance parameters between groups. Similar findings were recorded for digestibility of DM and nutrients. Addition of 10% and 20% of GW in the diets did not negatively affect blood picture or serum biochemistry and results showed no significant differences in carcass traits and meat analysis. Economical profitability was significantly found when feeding 20% GW in the diet. It can be concluded that GW can be utilized effectively at a level of 20% of the diet without adverse effect on performance, digestibility, carcass traits or health parameters of Ossimi lambs.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74985_76cf90e81f7a2b1194d055e83d055675.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING ON SHEEP SKIN AND COAT CHARACTERISTICS IN HALAIEB, SHALATEEN AND ABOU RAMAD TRIANGLE4734837498710.21608/ejnf.2016.74987ENNaglaa S.BadawyWool Production and Technology Department, Desert Research Center, El-Mataryia, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200302Fifteen adult local ewes aged 2-4 years with an average body weight of 30 kg were employed to study the effects of grazing and supplementary feeding on wool follicles activity. Animals were randomly divided into three equal groups. The first group was kept in confinement (control, group 1) and fed on clover hay supplemented with concentrate feed mixture (1% of BW), while the other two groups (2 and 3) were grazing the natural rangelands and supplemented with the same concentrate mixture (1 or 2% of BW, respectively). Animals raised in Hederbah valley, Shalateen Research Station from July 2013 to April 2014. At the end of the experiment, skin samples were taken and used to examine the follicle activity and their fibres in response to grazing and supplementary feeding. Results revealed that there is a significant increase in various primary follicle dimensions and their fibres of animals having the supplementary feeding with the double amount of concentrate except in the wall thickness which decreased significantly in all treated animals in comparison with the control group. The increase in the internal diameter of the follicles accompanied by a decrease in the follicles wall thickness was in relation to the increased values of the fiber diameter. Medulla thickness also showed an increased value by the double supplementary feeding. Grazing process showed a significant decrease in the external diameter and wall thickness of the primary follicles and in all secondary follicle dimensions in animals having 1% from body weight concentrate mixture in comparison with the control group. On the other hand, supplementary feeding level by 2% from body weight concentrate mixture showed a slight increase in all secondary follicle dimensions and their fiber diameters in comparison with the other grazed group. Histochemically, there is an excess protein and carbohydrate content in the outer root sheath of both primary and secondary wool follicles than that in the inner root sheath. Administration of double amount of concentrate resulted in a significant increase in the protein content in both sheaths of the primary follicles. An intermediate content was observed in the grazed group having concentrate 1% from body weight. The general carbohydrates showed a reversible trend and the intermediate value was detected in the control group. In secondary follicles, free grazing revealed a non significant decrease in the general protein contents in both follicle sheaths while the general carbohydrates showed an increase in grazed animal than the control group and in the supplemented group than the other two groups. Generally, the supplementary feeding increased the activity of the primary and secondary wool follicles and consequently the wool production and reduced the effect of grazing process.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74987_7af7951038b441f73deed6d5b3248782.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECT OF POMEGRANATE PEEL ADDITION TO THE DIET ENRICHED WITH LINSEED OIL ON PERFORMANCE, LIPID TRAITS IN THE MEAT, BLOOD LIPID PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY OF RABBITS UNDER SUMMER CONDITIONS4854957499010.21608/ejnf.2016.74990ENH. S.ZeweilDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.M. H.AhmedDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.S. M.ZahranDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Yassmine M.El-GindyDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.E. A.S.AbdulgaderDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20200302The present work aimed to investigate the growth performance, meat omega-3 (n-3) and omega 6 (n-6) fatty acids, immunological responses, lipid peroxide and the antioxidative status resulting from supplemented linseed oil diets of growing V-line rabbits with two levels of pomegranate peel (POM) during summer season from June to August. Forty-eight growing V-line rabbits of both sexes, 7 weeks old, with initial weight of 982.75 ± 15.85 g were used in the present experiment. Rabbits were randomly distributed to four groups of 12 rabbits each. Each group was further sub-divided into 4 replicates of 3 rabbits. Group 1 fed a pelleted basal diet with standard components and served as control group, group 2 fed a pelleted diet with 2% linseed oil, group 3 fed a pelleted diet containing 2% linseed oil with 0.75 % POM, group 4 fed a pelleted diet containing 2% linseed oil with 1.5 % POM. The obtained results showed that the different treatments had insignificant effect on final body weight and daily body weight gain, however, significant (P≤0.05) decrease in feed intake and significant (P≤0.05) improvement in feed conversion were recorded in comparison with the control. Results for pre-slaughter weight, percentage of hot carcass and liver were insignificantly affected by different treatments in comparison with control. The different treatments showed significant decrease in the abdominal fat and the muscle total cholesterol in comparison with the control group. The n-3 fatty acids were significantly (P≤0.05) increased by feeding linseed oil, linseed oil plus pomegranate peel, while the n-6 fatty acids were decreased significantly by feeding linseed oil and linseed oil plus pomegranate peel in comparison with control. Hematological parameters and antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were insignificantly affected by different treatments. While, specific IgG was significantly improved in all experimental groups compared with control. Serum total lipids, low density lipoprotein and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased due to different experimental diets in comparison with the control group. Total cholesterol was decreased but triglycerides were increased in animals received linseed oil in their diet in comparison with control. High density lipoprotein concentration, HDL/LDL ratio and total antioxidant capacity were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased by different experimental treatments as compared with the control group, with one exception that TAC was insignificantly increased than in control by receiving linseed oil in the diet. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of linseed oil plus POM in growing rabbit’s diets had a beneficial effect on the composition of the meat lipid fraction by increasing the concentration of n-3 fatty acids and improving the feed conversion, blood serum lipid profile and antioxidant status.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74990_e4b10252441c257db68213682ee9113e.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201INFLUENCE OF SOME TRACE MINERALS IN FORM OF NORMAL AND NANO PARTICLES AS FEED SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWING RABBIT DIETS4975097499110.21608/ejnf.2016.74991ENFatma T.F.Abd-El GhanyAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.M. F.ZawrahNational Research Centre, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Group 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.M. Y.MohmedAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200302This study was conducted to evaluate effect of adding some trace minerals (copper, zinc and selenium) in Normal and Nano form in a half of amount. Seven diets adding with Control (0), 1g Normal copper Cu, 0.5g Nano-Cu, 0.8 Normal Zinc (Zn), 0.4 g Nano- Zn, 0.2 Normal selenium (Se) and 0.1mg Nano-Se /100kg of diet, respectively. Eighty four New Zealand White (NZW) growing rabbits (5 weeks old) with an average weight of 565 g were randomly assigned individually to seven treatments of twelve rabbits each. All diets were formulated to be iso-protein and iso-digestible energy, and to satisfy the nutrients requirements according to Agriculture Ministry Decree (1996) recommendation. The experimental lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that nano form of trace minerals used have more improving in live body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion. There are no significant differences in dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility between groups. The digestion coefficients of different nutrients and nutritive values of diets contained trace minerals (Cu, Zn and Se) were significantly (P≤ 0.05) better in general than control group. Groups supplemented with Nano- Cu, Nano- Ze and Nano- Se were the best one’s in the digestion coefficients of different nutrients and nutritive values between all groups. Diets had significant (P≤ 0.05) effect on carcass traits, highest cecum weight and Total edible parts were in group supplemented with Nano-Se. Also, the highest liver and heart weight were in group supplemented with Nano-Se. Data showed that rabbit fed diet supplemented with Nano-Se increased significantly (P<0.05) in total protein, glucose and total antioxidant capacity. Results also, showed that least cecum microbial counts, in general were noticed with Nano-Se group. Yeast counts increased when compared with the control diet except normal-Cu group. The least feed cost/ Kg body weight gain, economic efficiency and the best relative economic efficiency were for Nano-Cu supplementation, while the worst values were for control. The all diets for normal and nano trace minerals were better than the control diet. In conclusion, adding copper, zinc and selenium in normal form and nano form in even a half of amount in growing rabbit diets can be used economically without any adverse effects on growing rabbit performance with percentages used. https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74991_cb41281f32bac9f24feff0e61c779237.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECT OF FEEDING POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) PEELS AND IT´S EXTRACT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWING V-LINE MALE RABBITS5115207499210.21608/ejnf.2016.74992ENM. M.NassrallahAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Fatma E.SabaAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.M. A.Abo-WardahAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200302A total number of 45 V-line rabbit males at 5 weeks of age and averaged about 846.25 to 861.25g body weight were used in this study. Animals were distributed randomly into five experimental groups of 9 rabbits per each with three replicates (3 rabbits each). The 1<sup>st</sup> rabbits group was served as a control group without any supplementation in diet or drinking water. The second and third groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 and 1.5% pomegranate peel powder in the diet, respectively. Whereas, the fourth and fifth groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 and 1.5% pomegranate peel extract in the drinking water, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results obtained could be summarized as follows: rabbit males drinking pomegranate peel extract at different levels or fed pomegranate peel powder at different levels had significantly (P≤0.05) best values for live body weight and live body weight gain compared with the control rabbits. Rabbits fed 1% pomegranate peel powder consumed significantly (P≤0.05) feed more than other treatment groups or control group. Rabbit drinking 1.5% pomegranate peel extract significantly (P≤0.05) improved feed conversion ratio followed by fed 1% pomegranate peel powder compared to other treatment groups or control group during whole experimental period. A significant (P≤0.05) increase in the digestion coefficient of organic matter with the addition of pomegranate peel extract or powder. Feeding basal diet plus pomegranate peel extract at high level causing lower (P≤0.05) significant the digestion coefficient of ether extract compared to other test diets. Either adding pomegranate peel in the form of powder or control diet led to an increase digest NFE coefficient compared to the addition of pomegranate peel extract. The results also showed the superiority of pomegranate peel extract compared to the addition of pomegranate peel powder to improve the utilization of energy in the form of TDN. Adding pomegranate peel extract was improved DCP significantly (P≤0.05) compared to the addition of PP powder and control diet. Adding pomegranate peel in powder form or in extract form of rabbits significantly (P≤0.05) increased concentration of total protein, globulin and total lipids comparing with control one. The best value of Economic Efficiency (EE) was recorded by group drinking 1.5% pomegranate peel extract. From the present study, it could be concluded that pomegranate peel in powder form by diet or in extract form by drinking water of rabbits improved the growth performance, digestibility coefficients, nutritive values, carcass characteristic and some blood constituents of V-line growing rabbit males.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74992_251adf745597bc34113ef61ea6ffab5e.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CINNAMON AND CURCUMIN ON PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS, HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES, AND BLOOD SERUMMETABOLITES IN GROWING RABBITS5215337499310.21608/ejnf.2016.74993ENH. S.ZeweilDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University.S. M.ZahranDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University.M. H.AhmedDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University.Y. M.El-GindyDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University.N. S.M.KhosheraDepartment of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University.Journal Article20200302A total of seventy-two V-line rabbits of both sexes, 5 weeks old, with initial weights of 639.4 ±.25.97 g were used for the study. Rabbits were randomly allocated to 6 treatment groups, each of which included 4 replicates of 3 rabbits. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks to be finished at 11 weeks of age and dietary treatments were as follows: 1) Control (basal diet); 2) basal diet+ 100 mg/kg antibiotictylosin; 3) basal diet+ 0.5 g /kg turmeric (as a source of curcumin); 4) basal diet+ 1.0 g/kg turmeric; 5) basal diet+ 0.5 g/kg cinnamon; 6) basal diet+ 1.0 g /kg cinnamon. The results showed that there were significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio among treatments and the control group. The highest body weight and weight gain values and the best feed conversion ratio were recorded in the groups given 1.0 g /kg diet turmeric or cinnamon. The highest feed intake values were observed in the control and Tyrosin fed groups, while the lowest feed intake values was recorded in cinnamon fed group. Tylosin, cinnamon and turmeric supplementation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE and also, improved the nutritive values of nutrients as TDN and DCP in comparison with control. General significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in RBCs, Hb and PCV % due to the different feed additives in comparison with control group. Serum lipid profile improved by phytogenic feed additives compared with tylosin and control groups. Phytogenic feed additives reduced Malondialdehyde (P ≤ 0.05), while, increased total antioxidant capacity concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities. Immunostimulatory effects of phytogenic feed additives were recorded. In conclusion, we state that cinnamon and turmeric could have beneficial effects on performance, digestibility, immunomodulatory and play an important role as an exogenous antioxidant.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74993_fd293845bd012601d2fbec018df7ee5d.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY AND SPIRULINA PLATENSIS ALGAE SUPPLEMENTATION AS A FEED ADDITIVE ON PERFORMANCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS OF BROILER CHICKS5355477499510.21608/ejnf.2016.74995ENR. M.MahmoudAnimal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.T.El-RayesAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt.S. Z.EldamrawyAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt.Journal Article20200302A trail was conducted to study the beneficial effects of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> algae as a feed additive under different stocking density on broiler performance, physiological status and economic efficiency at 6 week of age. A total of 540 unsexed day- old Ross × Ross broiler chicks were distributed into nine treatments resulted from 3×3 factorial arrangement (60 birds each). Birds were allotted to three groups according to stocking density (10, 12 and 14 birds/m<sup>2</sup>). Each group was divided into three sub-groups according to adding basal diet along with <em>Spirulina platensis</em> supplementation levels (0, 0.15 and 0.25 g/kg diet), Body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate, carcass trait, some blood metabolites and economic efficiency were studied. The results showed that, all of studied parameters were significantly (P≤0.05) improved at stocking density 10 birds/m<sup>2</sup> compared to other treatments, the same trend was observed for group fed diet containing spirulina at level of 0.25 g/kg diet. Additionally, an extra improvement in all performance, physiological parameters and economic aspects was showed as a result to interaction between stocking density of 10 birds/m<sup>2</sup> and supplementation of spirulina at 0.25g/kg diet. Regarding to the effect of spirulina supplementation level and stocking density on broiler performance, physiological status and economical aspect<em>, Spirulina platensis</em> algae could be safely used in broiler feeding, at level of 0.25 g /kg diet and 10 birds/m<sup>2</sup> stocking density with superior effects on their productive performance. Also, the current study revealed the ability to produce a safety broiler meat for consumers by using natural substances away from antibiotics or other chemicals.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74995_933e5cf12f5770cfe594edb732dc75ff.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECTS OF CAPSAICIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF PEKIN DUCKS DURING SUMMER SEASON5495617499610.21608/ejnf.2016.74996ENW. A.H.AliRabbit, Turkey and Water Fowl Breeding Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Egypt.A. M.H.AhmedPoult. Prod. Dep., Fac of Agric., Ain Shams University, Egypt.Hoda E.El-GabryPoultry Nutrition Department, Animal Production Research Institute. Egypt.Journal Article20200302The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using graded levels of capsaicin on growth performance, nutrients digestibility coefficients, serum metabolites, oxidative responses and intestinal digestive enzymes activity of Pekin ducks. One hundred and twenty 14d old Pekin ducks were randomly divided into four groups of 30 ducks. The first group was fed on the basal diet (control), while groups 2, 3 and 4 were given the basal diet supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 ppm capsaicin, respectively. The results showed significant improvement in body weight and feed conversion of ducks, particularly with the high level (150ppm) followed by those of the mid one (100pm). Moreover, supplemental capsaicin with different levels enhanced digestibility coefficient values especially with ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) in Pekin ducks. The serum level of total proteins, globulin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and antioxidant enzymes was significantly increased for ducks fed on diets contained either 100 or 150ppm capsaicin. But, the concentrations of total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the primary stable by-product of lipid peroxidation, were reduced. On the other hand, the albumin level didn’t significantly affected by dietary capsaicin supplementation. A significant increase in the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin enzymes was found throughout the small intestine portions with supplemental capsaicin. It is concluded that, capsaicin supplementation with 100ppm up to 150ppm was sufficient to enhance the growth performance traits, nutrients digestibility, thyroid and antioxidant system in growing Pekin ducks. In addition to, using these natural feed additives had clear favorable effect on enzymatic and microbiological profile in small intestine, without adverse effects on liver activity.https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_74996_fd130d5098f7542e54c57356cb2738e7.pdfThe Egyptian Society of Nutrition and FeedsEgyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds1110-636019320161201EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION, FEED UTILIZATION AND HEAMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF NILE TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS JUVENILE5635727509410.21608/ejnf.2016.75094ENA. M.A.El-HaisDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt.Ebtehal E.HusseinDepartment of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Minoufia, Shebin El-Kom.Journal Article20200303The present study was conducted to estimate the effects of propolis extract dietary supplementation on Nile tilapia <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> juvenile performance, whole body composition, hematological, biochemical and histological indices. Four experimental diets were formulated including the control as basal diet (D1) without any supplementation, followed by three diets supplemented with propolis extract at 3, 6 and 12 g /kg diet D2, D3 and D4, respectively. Fish (3.78±0.03 g) were randomly divided into twelve (80 L) aquaria in triplicates (15 fish per replication). The obtained results showed that, fish fed diets supplemented with propolis extract at levels of 3 and 6 g kg<sup>-1</sup> had the highest values of final body weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, whole body protein and ash. Moreover, fish fed propolissupplemented diet recorded higher feed intake than the control diet. However, there were no significant differences (<em>P</em>>0.05) in feed efficiency ratio, FER, protein efficiency ratio, PER and survival rate, SR (%) of fish fed different levels of propolis extract and control diet. Blood biochemical parameters appeared no hazard effects of dietary propolis on kidney and liver function. Heamatological indices referred to an increase (p < 0.05) in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin especially with D3 diet. Generally, no hazard histological changes were observed with propolis extract for intestine and liver sections. It may be concluded that, propolis dietary supplementation at 3 and 6 g kg<sup>-1</sup> diet could be improve Nile tilapia juvenile’s growth, body composition and hematological parametershttps://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_75094_81b85fee095017ce0b76446f80adfc9d.pdf